Nanda Books

Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Interventions for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignancy of the nasopharynx from nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium or glands found in the nasopharynx. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is the most carcinomas in the ENT. Most of the clients come to the ENT in a state of advanced or late.

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain related to agency physical injury (surgery)

Objectives: After nursing intervention, client comfort level increases,

evidenced by the level of pain: the client may report pain in workers, frequency of pain, facial expressions, and states of physical and psychological comfort, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg, pulse: 60-100 x / min, respiration: 16-20x/mnt
Control of pain evidenced by client to report symptoms of pain and pain control.

Nursing Interventions:

Pain management:

1. Perform a comprehensive pain assessment, including the location, characteristics, duration, frequency, quality factor and precipitation.
2. Observation nonverbal reactions of discomfort.
3. Use therapeutic communication techniques to determine the client's experience of pain before.
4. Control of environmental factors that affect pain such as room temperature, lighting, noise.
5. Reduce pain precipitation factor.
6. Choose and pain management (pharmacological / non-pharmacological) ..
7. Teach non-pharmacological techniques (relaxation, distraction, etc.) to overcome the pain.
8. Give analgesics to reduce pain.
9. Evaluation of pain reducers / pain control.
10. Collaboration with the doctor if there are complaints about the administration of analgesics to no avail.
11. Monitor client's acceptance of pain management.

Analgesic administration:.

1. Check program providing analgesic; types, dosage, and frequency.
2. Check history of allergy.
3. Determine the analgesic of choice, route of administration and optimal dosage.
4. Monitor vital signs before and after the administration of analgesics.
5. Give analgesics on time especially when pain appears.
6. Evaluation of analgesic efficacy, side effects signs and symptoms.